Advantages And Disadvantages Of Opening Labor Markets On A Global Essay

Focal points And Disadvantages Of Opening Labor Markets On A Global Scale - Essay Example The fundamental attribute of globalization is upgraded facilitated commerce between nations, the simpler entry of the capital between nation's outskirts, a colossal increment in outside direct venture. This expands productivity, and this is one advantage that is promptly recognizable. Accordingly, numerous nations in with open work markets, development for both little firms and global organizations, would now be able to get to new markets over the world. Because of this impact in the economy, there has been expanded vehicle and correspondence among countries and landmasses. At the point when economy sells a similar item worldwide because of the proficiency, an individual organization can Purchase its crude materials in mass, over the long haul, sparing the firm a huge number of dollars every year (Loayza and Serven, 2010 p., 123). Because of these delineations, it is immediately settled that organizations in the opened market will in general be progressively serious and proficient. S ince open work markets aid the upkeep costs down for organizations. For example, organizations have had the option to dispose of surplus laborers. This can help these organizations to abstain from being bankrupt and over the long haul secure employments. Ostensibly with globalization, it is turning out to be increasingly more basic for organizations to stay serious inside any worldwide economy. This is reachable through open work advertise systems (Dao and Dao, 2008 p., 151). Opening work showcase benefits for economies and shoppers. Customers can appreciate a more noteworthy decision of remote merchandise and enterprises since they are offered for them to purchase.

Case study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Contextual analysis - Coursework Example The organization is right now experiencing an administrative gathering to discover answers for objective of accomplishing more prominent development. The best seven directors are available there. It appears the organization needs assistance because of the reality they are controlling off base and squandered two days talking about transient working issues. The organization needs to enlist a specialist to support them. On the off chance that a governing body exists it ought to be engaged with the procedure. An agent from every one of the specialist associations ought to be available also to give included knowledge that could be useful in finding an answer. The venture champion ought to be the outer specialist. Close down - The present undertaking requires a point by point plan of how the organization will accomplish development in the long haul. The individual who is at last answerable for the venture is the originator of the organization, John Bigboss. He is the individual that should approve the task. Tips - Some supportive tips to consider is recording the advancement of the venture consistently and setting a particular timetable for consummation of the undertaking. It is significant adjust the objectives of the organization to the representative desires. All partners ought to get a composed correspondence of the organization key move. A relief plan ought to set up to limit business

Uncle Tom’s Impact on 19th Century America Free Essays

For slaves, the death of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 guaranteed their fate in the never-ending mercilessness of the slave advertise. This Act ensured the privileges of slaveholders, requiring †by law †that all slaves who ran away toward the North be come back to their unique proprietors. This activity by the United States government contributed fundamentally to the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe. We will compose a custom paper test on Uncle Tom’s Impact on nineteenth Century America or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The epic was the first of its sort to communicate and completely grasp the possibility that subjection ought not be overlooked. At the time this content was distributed, numerous Northerners adopted the radical strategy by basically tolerating that â€Å"one individual couldn’t change anything†, as St. Clare in the novel. When this book was acquainted with the Northern populace, in addition to the fact that it sold like hot cakes, yet additionally it opened citizens’ eyes to the real repulsions happening in the South, and under their equivalent Constitution. They saw that unfeeling slave proprietors and constant beatings left slaves with little expectation and little confidence. The thoughtful depiction of slaves all through the South lead numerous Northerners to favor the extraordinary abolitionists, which would before long make further pressures among the North and the South and in the end cause the erosion inciting Southern states to withdraw and start the Civil War. This movement of occasions roused Abraham Lincoln’s adage to Harriet Beecher Stowe when he met her, â€Å"So you’re the little lady who composed the book that caused this extraordinary war? † Although the first goal of this novel was to instruct the ignorant masses, Stowe fell into certain generalizations of dark men. When â€Å"Black Sam† got the request from Mrs. Shelby to hinder the recovery of Eliza with the goal that she may get away, unmistakably he couldn't care less whether Eliza gets to opportunity, however is simply inspired by whether, in the event that he succeeds, he can assume control over the spot of â€Å"trusted slave† that Tom filled. Stowe fundamentally depicts him as the â€Å"comic† dark figure. A â€Å"comic† dark consider is drawn along with the book for the delight of the white crowd, which, in itself is an astonishing idea. This depiction gives him smiling stupidly and neglecting to utilize enormous words effectively. He likewise is shrieking in wide lingo and â€Å"seems prepared to break into a comic dance†. It appears as though, particularly with the incorporation of the animation, Stowe was playing into overdrawn racial generalizations of the day, and inferring that lone a few slaves had the ability to work regularly in the public eye while others proved unable. Despite the fact that Stowe ridicules Haley (the slave catcher and vender) in this part, it appears as though the portrayal of the normal slave sabotages the positive picture she is endeavoring to draw for slaves, for example, Uncle Tom, Eliza and George Harris. A few focuses made in the novel were amusing to me. I thought it was intriguing how being a â€Å"white nâ€- â€Å" was something unwanted in the slave network. At the point when a huge slave comes up to Adolph and said â€Å"Law, presently, young men! dis yer’s one o’ yer white nâ€â€s, †kind o’ cream shading, ye know, scented! † The circumstance slaves were put them caused them to loathe white individuals to such an extent, that it was horrible to be a â€Å"white nâ€â€â€Å". It is amusing additionally that they themselves utilized the term â€Å"white† with the harsh term â€Å"nigger† to affront somebody n their own locale. One may have thought †given the capacity whites needed to meander indiscriminately and effectively †that being white was something to be thankful for. Obviously, being called â€Å"white† had more to do with the way that these slaves related â€Å"white nâ€- â€Å" as a depiction of their oppressor, and by calling one of their own a â€Å"white n ††††â€Å" they were lashing out at their oppressors and any individual who attempted to imitate them. The possibility of a â€Å"white nâ€- â€Å" likewise infers how close these slaves are to their proprietors making the peruser question â€Å"How distinctive are these individuals that they can be viewed as property while I can be viewed as free? † No Doubt Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe had the ability to turn normal, consistently, going back and forth Americans into undeniable abolitionists. Stowe had the option to achieve this by relating the mistreated captives to individuals in consistently life, regardless of whether it was through Eliza’s connection to her child, or Tom’s grasp religion in the hardest of times. Stowe additionally shows that a young lady who experienced childhood in the core of the South could show empathy for individuals she was raised to accept were so underneath her thus horrendous. Her quality and confidence †and her acknowledgment that the key was to consider captives to be individuals †additionally affected everyone around her. Stowe’s anecdotal story of Uncle Tom not just contacted the core of Northerners, it additionally contacted Southerners, and †above all †it added to the beginning of an incredible common war; one that would end with the liberation of slaves all over. Step by step instructions to refer to Uncle Tom’s Impact on nineteenth Century America, Essay models

Customer Satisfaction of Maruti - Free Essay Example

It was in 1970 that Sanjay Gandhi envisioned the manufacture of maruti which is known popularly as the people’s car it is maruti which is known to give wheels to the nation. The first car of mauti was rolled out on Dec. 14, 1983 after a collaboration with Suzuki motors. Satisfaction is a person’s feeling of pleasure or disappointment resulting from a comparing perceived performance in relation to his or her expectation. If the performance falls short of expectation, the consumer is dissatisfied. If the performance matches the expectations, he consumer is satisfied. If the performance exceeds expectation, the customer is highly satisfied or delighted. In today’s competitive scenario firms consistently tries to satisfy his existing customer to get more customers in every regards. To meet the desired expectation of customers companies has to look around all aspects of products services and of course market condition, otherwise they may be out of the race. Auto mobile industry has the same competitiveness and every firm in the industry is consistently working for enhancing their product and services. The study widely concentrates on the level of satisfaction amongst customers for which I did Exploratory Research to check the satisfaction level amongst the customers of Maruti as the popular punchline also says â€Å"Count On Us†. Introduction India is an emerging country with huge potential. The domestic economy is now growing at around 9-10% per annum and India’s importance in global terms is being reinforced by rapidly rising exports and domestic consumption. At a time when numbers of a slowdown and overheating in the Indian economy have started gaining momentum, the Indian rupee sprang a surprise by pushing the GDP figure past the trillion-dollar (42,00,000 crore) mark. The automotive industry is at the center of India’s new global dynamic. The domestic market expanding rapidly as incomes rise and consumer credit ecomes more widely available. Manufacturer’s product lines are being continually expanded, as is the local automotive manufacturing base. Expectation are high that India can develop as a global hub for vehicle manufacturers and as an outsourcing center that offers the global automotive industry solution high up the automotive value chain. India eyes 25 million automotive jobs. | | Indias GDP is set to double over the next decade In percentage terms, the automotive industrys contribution should also double. In dollar terms, the sectors contribution is set to quadruple to some $145bn The automobile industry in India accounts for a business volume of $45 billion and has the potential to grow much faster both through Indian as well as international manufacturers who have established huge facilities in the country with the world’s second largest and fastest-growing population, there is no denying India’s potential in both economic and population terms and the effe ct it will have on the auto industry in the years to come. The country is already off to a good start, with a well-developed components industry and a production level of 1 million four-wheeled vehicles a year, plus a further 5 million two- and three-wheelers. The implications, market drivers and scope of a future massive Indian vehicle market are covered in the India Strategic Market Profile, a brand-new forecast of Indian automotive and related activity to 2020. Based on Max Pembertons unique relational long-term forecasting model, it forecasts car and CV sales, demographics, materials usage, auto industry employment, and explains their inter- year of healthy growth in auto industry. INDUSTRY GROWTH [pic] Future of the Automobile in the Economy US based consultancy, keystone predicts that India will become world’s third largest automobile market by 2030. Overall size expected to exceed 20 million with compounded annual growth rate of over 12%. India Then Now 1983 Num ber of brands 2 Number of models 2 2008 Number of brands 30 Number of models 70 Some of the Car companies in India: Maruti Suzuki Fiat General motors (Opel, Chevrolet) Ford Hindustan motors, Mitsubishi Honda Hyundai Baja tempo Marinara Maine elect. Mercedes Benz Nissan San engineering Soda Toyota Top three manufacturers: Maruti Suzuki Tate motors Hyundai Car segmentation: This is done on the basis of size and price of the car A segment: maruti800, omni B segment: Zen, wagon-r, alto, Santo, polio, indicia C segment: esteem, accent, indigo, icon, Honda city, civic D-segment: opera, Octavia, sonata, monde, accord, corolla, Camry, Mercedes Maruti’s emphasis Role of the Sales Person He should be neatly dressed He should have knowledge about various product’s Features Variants Colors Prices Sales promotion campaigns Competitor products , their features , prices ,etc. Latest service and warranty policies Current availability Carry copy of ready reckoner â€Å"Do not le ave the customer unattended for more than 3 minutes† Customer Care Team: Role of the Customer Care Manager: Customer Care Manager is the leader of the customer care team. He is accountable for the sales satisfaction index of the dealership. The customer care manager ensures that every customer is properly followed up and feedback is recorded. Also the customer complaints are recorded and resolved as soon as possible to the level of satisfaction. The customer care executives report to the customer care manager. Customer Care Executive:- Initially does the Post Sales Follow up (PSF) and monitors the feedback forms at the showroom Post sales follow up PSF’s are done in order to get the first hand feedback form the customer about the experience that they had during the sales and delivery process. The first PSF is done within the 72 hours of delivery and the voice or exact wordings of the customer are recorded. The next PSF call is made after 15 days after the vehicle is delivered. The feedback form system is a very important tool to obtain customer’s feedback on the experience that the customer had during the purchase of his/her car. Steps to be followed after receiving customer complaint: Firstly customer acre manager gives a control number to all complaints received and records the same in the customer complaints control register. Then customer acre manager gets in touch with the customer over the phone and expresses regret on the inconvenience faced by the customer Immediate action is taken to ensure that the customer complaint is resolved and writes a letter of apology The customer care manager along with the concerned DSE, then visits the customer, hands over the letter and takes satisfaction note from the customer Then he sends a copy of the letter and the satisfaction note to Maruti Udyog Ltd. And also files a copy of the same in the customer complaints register/file. Then the CCM discusses the customer complaints in the weekly meeting with the general manager on SSI with the entire showroom staff. Necessary counter measures are taken to ensure that such complaints are not repeated in future. All sales staff and managers review customer care activities on daily, weekly and monthly basis. The SSI review meet is conducted regularly. According to Maruti â€Å"A customer is the most important visitor on our premises He is not dependent on us , We are dependent on him, He is not an interruption on our work, He is the purpose of it. He is not an outsider on our business, He is part of it. We are not doing him a favor serving him, He is doing us a favor by giving us the Opportunity to do so† How you communicate Your words 7% Your voice 35% Your body language 58% Moments of truth Expectationsatisfactionreality If you get what you expected Expectationdissatisfaction-reality If you get less than you expected Expectationdelightreality If you get more than you expected When customers don’t compl ain they go somewhere else†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Customers don’t complain. They pass on their dissatisfaction to their colleagues , family , greengrocer, suppliers , consultants, managers , sports club, grandparents, neighbours, director, to you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Market Research Project Title – â€Å"Customer Satisfaction Survey of Maruti Udyog Limited† Project involves: -Introduction about Maruti -Procedure followed by Maruti for catering to the needs and queries of the customers -Application of Five Force’s Model in the Automobile Industry -Quantitative research Awareness regarding the facilities provided by Maruti -Overall opinion about Maruti Research Methodology: The purpose of methodology is to describe the process involved in research work. This includes the overall research design, data collection method, the field survey and the analysis of data. Research Objective: To find the satisfaction amongst the customers of Maruti. Research Design: Detailed and structured questionnaire was designed. Survey a sample of 100 customers. The methodology developed was Primary and Secondary research. The questionnaire was designed to get information from customers about their satisfaction and overall opinion about Maruti. Sources of Data: Primary data Secondary data Field of Survey: The field work for the survey was conducted in Gurgaon and Jaipur. The exercise involved face to face interview with the customers. Analysis: The important factors and data’s collected were sequentially analyzed and graphed. Limitations of the Study: The sample size is only 100 so the sample may not be truly representative of the Gurgaon’s and Delhi’s population. Analysis |Knowledgeable Salesperson |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |0 |0% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |86 |86% | |Strongly Agree |14 |14% | [pic] 86% people agreed that the sales persons are knowledgeable and 14% strongly di sagreed that the sales persons are knowledgeable. |Employees spent enough time with you before sales |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |0 |0% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |64 |64% | |Strongly Agree |36 |36% | [pic] 64% people agreed that the sales persons spent enough time with them before the sales and 36% strongly agreed with this. |Employees spent enough time with you during sales |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |4 |4% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |62 |62% | |Strongly Agree |34 |34% | [pic] 62% agreed that sales persons spent enough time with them during the sales , while 34% strongly agreed that the sales persons spent enough time with them during sales and only 4% disagreed with this. |Employees spent enough time with you after sales |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |22 |22% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |54 |54% | | Strongly Agree |26 |26% | [pic] 60% agreed that the sales persons spent enough time with them after sales ,26% strongly agreed with this and 14% disagreed that the sales persons spent enough time with them after sales. |Display of Merchandize |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |0 |0% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |94 |94% | |Strongly Agree |6 |6% | [pic] 94% agreed that the display of merchandize was attractive and 6% strongly agreed that the display of merchandize was attractive. |Availability of the Product |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |4 |4% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |91 |91% | |Strongly Agree |5 |5% | [pic] 91% agreed that the availability of the product was there, 5% strongly agreed that the availability was there while only 4% said they disagreed with this. |Variety/Selection of Merchandize |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |6 | 6% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |87 |87% | |Strongly Agree |7 |7% | [pic] 87% agreed that there was variety/selection of merchandize whereas 7% strongly agreed that enough variety was there and 6% disagreed with this. |Vehicle in Good Condition |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |2 |2% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |82 |82% | |Strongly Agree |16 |16% | [pic] 82% agreed that the vehicle was in good condition when delivered ,16% strongly agreed with this whereas only 2% disagreed with this. |Prices are Affordable |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |12 |12% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |15 |15% | |Agree |21 |21% | |Strongly Agree |52 |52% | [pic] 64% strongly agreed that the prices are affordable , 21% agreed that the prices are affordable whereas only 15% said that they neither disagreed nor agreed with this. |Attractive discounts offered |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |26 |26% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |47 |47% | |Strongly Agree |27 |27% | [pic] 55% agreed that the discounts offered are attractive , 34% strongly agreed with this while 11% disagreed and said that the discounts offered were not attractive. |Decor of the waiting area is pleasing |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |0 |0% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |80 |80% | |Strongly Agree |20 |20% | [pic] 80%agreed that the decor of the waiting area was pleasing while 20% strongly agreed that the decor of the waiting area was pleasing |Offered a Test Drive |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |20 |20% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |74 |74% | |Strongly Agree |6 |6% | [pic] 74%agreed that the test drive was offered to them ,6% strongly agreed that the test drive was offered while 20% disagreed with this. |Post Sales Follow Up done regularly |No. f R espondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |15 |15% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |59 |59% | |Strongly Agree |26 |26% | [pic] 59%agreed that the post sales follow ups are done regularly , 26% srongly agreed and 15%disagreed with this. |Responds to complaints Quickly |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |9 |9% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |12 |12% | |Agree |61 |61% | |Strongly Agree |18 |18% | [pic] 64% agreed that the response to complaints is quick ,18% strongly agreed , 12% neither agreed nor disagreed and 6% disagreed with this. |Service at Maruti Service Station is excellent |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |4 |4% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |82 |82% | |Strongly Agree |14 |14% | [pic] 82% said that the service at maruti service station is excellent , 14% strongly agreed while only 4% disagreed with this. |Careful with Personal Information |No. f Responde nts |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |0 |0% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |8 |8% | |Agree |85 |85% | |Strongly Agree |7 |7% | [pic] 85% agreed that yes they were careful with personal information, strongly agreed with this and 8% neither agreed nor disagreed. |All the commitments are fulfilled |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |7 |7% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |6 |6% | |Strongly Agree |87 |87% | [pic] 94% strongly agreed that all the commitments were fulfilled and 6% agreed with this. |Value for Money |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Strongly Disagree |0 |0% | |Disagree |0 |0% | |Neither Disagree Nor Agree |0 |0% | |Agree |2 |2% | |Strongly Agree |98 |98% | [pic] 98% strongly agreed that maruti provides value for money while 2% agreed with this. Are you aware of the following facilities provided by maruti |Maruti insurance |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Yes |98 |98% | |No |2 |2% | [pic] 98% said yes that they are aware about maruti insurance while only 2% said that they were not aware. |Extended warranty |No. of Respondents |Percentage | |Yes |97 |97% | |No |3 |3% | [pic] 7% said they were aware about extended warranty and 3% said that they did not know about this. |True value |No. of Respondents |Percentage | |Yes |98 |98% | |No |2 |2% | [pic] 98% said they were aware about true value and 2% said they were not aware. |Maruti finance |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Yes |75 |75% | |No |25 |25% | [pic]75% said that they were aware about maruti finance and 25% said that they were not aware of it. |Autocard |No. of Respondents |Percentage | |Yes |84 |84% | |No |16 |16% | [pic] 4% said that they were aware about autocard and 16% said that they were not aware of it. |Genuine Accessories |No. of Respondents |Percentage | |Yes |85 |85% | |No |15 |15% | [pic] 85% said that they were aware of genuine accessories available and 15% said they were not aware. What is your overall opinion about Maruti ? |Choice |No. f Respondents |Percentage | |Very bad |0 |0% | |Bad |0 |0% | |Neither bad nor good |0 |0% | |Good |4 |4% | |Very good |96 |96% | [pic] 96% said that there overall opinion about maruti was that it is ver good while 4% said that it is good. How likely would you recommend maruti? 90% people said they would very likely recommend maruti to other people and 10% said they would likely recommend maruti to others. CONCLUSION On an average more than 73% people feel that the prices are affordable whereas 12% do not agree, 74% believe that attractive discounts are offered whereas 26% are not satisfied with the discounts offered. 0% said that the test drives are not offered and 15% said that post sales follow ups are not done regularly whereas 85% said that they were done regularly but people feel that it is the people’s car as it is satisfactory on all other parameters: knowledgeable sales persons , employees spent enough time before and during sales, display of mer chandise is attractive, availability of product, variety of merchandize, vehicle in good condition, prices are affordable, attractive discounts are offered, decor of the waiting area is pleasing, responds to complaints quickly, service at Maruti service station is excellent, careful with personal information and is value for money . The overall opinion about Maruti is very good. SUGGESTIONS ? More test drives should be offered. Should be more particular about Post Sales Follow Up as it shows the concern of the company with the customer. ? Should put in more efforts to promote Maruti Finance , Autocard and Accessories. BIBLIOGRAPHY: www. google. com www. marutiudyog. com Automobile Magazines Marketing Management by Philip Kotler Questionnaire Being an esteem customer of Maruti Udyog Limited you are requested to take out a few minutes and fill the following questionnaire. Q. 1) How long have you been associated with Maruti? Q. 2. )How would you rate Maruti on the following parameter | |Strongly |Disagree |Neither Agree |Agree |Strongly agree | | disagree | |Nor Disagree | | | |Knowledgeable sales person | | | | | | |Employees spent enough time with you: before | | | | | | |sales | | | | | | |During sales | | | | | | |After sales | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Display of merchandise is attractive | | | | | | |Availability of the product | | | | | | |Variety/selection of merchandise | | | | | | |Vehicle in good condition | | | | | | |Prices are affordable | | | | | | |Attractive discounts offered | | | | | | |Decor of the waiting area is pleasing | | | | | | |Offered a test drive | | | | | | |Post sales follow ups are done regularly | | | | | | |Responds to complaints quickly | | | | | | |Service at Maruti service station is excellent | | | | | | |Careful with personal information | | | | | | |All the commitments are fulfilled | | | | | | |Value for money | | | | | | Q. 3)Are you aware of the following facilities provided by maruti |Yes |No | |Maruti insurance | | | |Extended warranty | | | |True value | | | |Maruti finance | | | |Autocard | | | |Genuine accessories | | | Q. 4) What is your overall opinion about Maruti? 1) Very Bad 2) Bad 3) Neither Bad Nor Good 4) Good 5) Very Good Q. 5) How likely would you recommend Maruti? Very Very Unlikely Likely 1 2 3 4 5 Date Sign †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Thank You for your prestigious time.

Essay on The Effects of Gender on Prisoner Interactions

In the past prisoners, both male and females, were simply treated as slaves of the state. Wardens had the freedom and discretion to maintain prisons as they wanted. This meant there was no outside interference. That definition for prisoners was derived in the case Ruffin v. Commonwealth (1871). The Supreme Court decided that forfeiting liberties and personal rights were consequences of the crime committed. Prisoners were viewed as slaves. In addition, losing citizenship rights meant losing the ability to complain about living conditions (Peak, 2010). Women and men were subjected to horrible prison conditions in which the living conditions were fifthly, overcrowded and harsh. Often times they were beaten and sexual abused by male†¦show more content†¦The reason is that females were considered to be good candidates for rehabilitation. The suggestion is that female offenders were viewed as less dangerous than male offenders. Overtime, gender has led to women being pr otected and punished. The earlier notion of women-centeredness of women’s prisons no longer exists. There is more emphasis on a criminal being a criminal. At the same time, males still suffer harsher penalties compared to females within the criminal justice system. In prison, women are considered to be less violent than male inmate. This difference is not taken into account upon constructing prisons for female offenders. In fact, construction is based on the correctional model about men being violent. Each gender interacts within prisons differently as well. For instance, males form gangs within prisons. They act territorially and fight to maintain power. In addition, men are more likely to congregate by race. On the other hand, females look to form small families that are not racially specific. Women will fight due to jealousy. However, they are more likely to vent their hostility upon themselves through self mutilation. The way the prison is set up also creates a difference. 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Does Teacher Absenteeism Impact Student Learning And What...

Research Question Does teacher absenteeism impact student learning and what are the main reasons for teacher absences are the main questions to be answered. These questions were devised because two of the schools in our district have been on the academic distress list with the Arkansas Department of Education for the last four to five years. Too many teachers in our district are absent on a regular basis and our students cannot make adequate progress with substitutes and inconsistency. At our school alone, I have notice a tremendous amount of absentees from our teachers. Our school house students from second grade to fifth grade. At these grades the students are learning important foundational skills that are needed to continue significant learning at the middle and high school levels. This report includes information on teacher absenteeism from education literature, a breakdown of teachers’ absences at Townsend Park Elementary School, and recommendations to be considered that would minim ize teacher absences. Literature Review Teacher absenteeism puts students at a loss. New research suggests that teacher absenteeism is becoming problematic in U. S. public schools, as about one in three teachers miss more than ten days of school each year. U. S. teacher absence rates are nearly three times those of managerial and professional employees. First-ever figures from the U. S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights, compiled in 2012, also show that in a fewShow MoreRelatedResearch Method About Absenteeism3974 Words   |  16 PagesACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report represents the endless effort of a continuous learning process involving many individuals. 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Methodology And Type Of Research Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Methodology And Type Of Research Strategy. Answer: Introduction The current section describes the methodology adopted for the research findings and analysis. The methodology or the type of research strategy or design selected over here has been elaborated further to answer some of the questions raised in the previous chapter. The chapter consists of the following sections such as outline of the research, research onion, research philosophy , approach, design of the research, sampling method, strategy adopted for the research, data collection methods, analysis of the data, limitations of the research. Research outline The research outline provides a framework based upon which the study will be conducted by the researcher to gather sufficient results and data. For the current research qualitative research approach will be used along with an inductive procedure. The researcher will conduct the research based upon interpretivism research philosophy. During the process of conducting the interview, the ethics, reliability and validity issues will be taken into consideration Research Onion Figure 1: research onion (Source: saunders et al., 2009, p.52) Research paradigm: Philosophy of the research The issue highlighted by the research is analysed based upon a number of research philosophies such as positivism, interpretivism and realism. The philosophy of realism is based upon the independence of reality emerging out of the human mind. As commented by Taylor, Duncan Fiske (2015), the autonomous thought and beliefs possessed by the people can be influenced by their perceptions about the world in general. The positivism philosophy claims that only factual knowledge gained through observation and further evaluation is trustworthy (OGorman, Lochrie Watson, 2014). The philosophy of interpretivism states that access to reality is only through social processes such as language, consciousness, shared meanings and obstructions. Justification of the research philosophy For the current study interpretive research philosophy will be used by the researcher which is based upon the naturalistic approach of data collection such as interviews and surveys. In the present context the researcher for the process of data collection, will be selecting semi-structured interviews. The adoption of interpretivism research philosophy helps in the analysis of qualitative research areas such as organizational cross cultural differences, factors and ethics affecting leadership. Interpretivism is attached with high level of validity as the data collected through such studies tend to be trustworthy (Creswell, 2013). The interpretivism theory helps in analysing the differences between the rural and urban scenario with respect to the delivery of services to the disabled population within the northern territory of Australia. Research approach There are two different research approach types such as inductive and deductive. The deductive approach is applied in case of evaluation of a large number of case studies or dissertations. As commented by Marshall Rossman (2014), the application of a deductive approach helps the researcher to develop hypothesis based upon the literature. On the other hand the inductive approach aims at the development of new theories relevant to the topic of the research. Justification of the chosen research approach The researcher in the current study will evaluate the observations for the development of new theories. For the current literature, the researcher will apply an inductive approach in evaluating similar patterns observed throughout the case study and factors affecting the insurance availability to the disabled person in the NT region of Australia. This hypothesis could be amalgamated to build a hypothesis, which could further help in reflecting upon the various political or social determinants. Design of the research There are two main forms of research design such as explanatory, exploratory, and descriptive. The exploratory research design is to evaluate an open-ended questionnaire. In exploratory design the physiological aspects are taken into consideration. In explanatory methods, the researcher explains the data without elaborating about the positive and negative outcomes (Bowling, 2014). The descriptive design is useful in evaluating a set of research objectives and questions. Justification of the chosen research design For the current study an exploratory design had been taken into consideration which helps in expanding upon the theories and evidences collected through the research. It is a non-quantitative and flexible in nature and is mot limited by pre-determined set of procedures. Sampling method There are sampling methods of two different types such as simple random probability sampling and non-random probability sampling. The random probability sampling provides every respondent equal opportunity to participate in the research (Punch, 2013). In the case of non-random sampling purposive selection is done based upon the type of data. In the current study random probability sampling will be used by the researcher so that every respondent will have equal opportunity for participation in the data collection process. Research strategy The strategy of the research refers to the specific method of data collection chosen over here such as surveys, interviews or case study analysis. The surveys represent the quantitative method of data collection where the respondents are put forward close-ended questionnaire and the cumulative responses will be represented with the help of statistical graphs and charts. The interview methods are based upon analysis of responses to open ended questionnaire (Palinkas et al., 2014). On the other hand the case study analysis is based upon reviewing a large number of databases and literature. Justification of the chosen research strategy In the current study the researcher will choose interview method for collection of data regarding the different challenges faced by the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) in extending help to the poor, backward and indigenous population residing in the NT region of Australia. In this respect, a semi-structured and open ended questionnaire was provided to the respondents. This allowed them to further expand upon the current problem situation faced by them and further helps in identification of the major loopholes within the service delivery. Data collection methods The data collection could be divided into primary and secondary methods. The primary data collection had been again divided into quantitative and qualitative methods. The Quantitative method is based upon collection of data through survey questionnaire whereas the qualitative method is dependent on collection of data through interview (Green Thorogood, 2013). The secondary method is however based upon review of literature and case studies for gathering sufficient knowledge. In the current study for the collection and analysis of the data, primary qualitative research design will be used by the researcher. The face to face interview will also provide sufficient opportunity to the researcher with study the facial expressions of the interviewee. Ethical considerations The researcher will have to take care of a number of ethical considerations during the process of conducting the interview. Some of these considerations are acquiring participation consent from the participants and NDIS. Additionally, privacy and confidentiality of the participants would also need to be supported by the researcher. In this respect the researcher will also need to take consent from the human research ethics committee. Data analysis For the purpose of data analysis interview had been conducted where the management of NDIS and frontline workers at the grassroot level were asked questions pertaining to the different aspects of reaching out to far and wide disabled population within the northern territory of Australia. The similar responses were made into transcripts by the researchers which were further grouped into similar dissimilar categories. Time table Stages of activities Week 1 Week 2 to 5 Week 6 to 9 Week 10 to 13 Week 14 to 17 Week 18 to 21 Week 22 to 24 Topic selection Data collection Planning Layout of the paper Review of the literature Developing research plan Selection of research technique Secondary data collection Analysis of the data Interpretation of findings Conclusion preparation Project rough draft Final submission Table 1: Gantt chart (Source: author) Limitations of the research The research will be conducted with the help of a detailed research methodology where emphasis had been placed upon primary qualitative research. In this context, open ended interview questions were drafted for the management and grassroot level workers of the NDIS. The collective responses were grouped together into transcripts which were further evaluated for the presence of gaps or loopholes within the service delivery plan. Though there are a number of benefits of conducting interview with the help of an open ended questionnaire. There are a number of restrictions or challenges which are faced in the due course of arranging or conducting the interview. Some of these are lack of time which becomes a major constraint on the part of the researcher as well as the participants. The lack of sufficient evidences can also hamper the affectivity of the study conducted (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). In order to organize the interview proper consent had to be taken from the participants a long with maintaining the privacy of some of their credentials such as name, position within the company. Thus, any violation with respect to confidentiality can affect the success of the project. References Bowling, A. (2014). Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. London: McGraw-Hill Education, p.35. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage publications, p.20. Duncan, S., Fiske, D. W. (2015). Face-to-face interaction: Research, methods, and theory (Vol. 3). Abingdon: Routledge, pp.125-263. Green, J., Thorogood, N. (2013). Qualitative methods for health research. London:Sage, p.58.. Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. London:Sage publications, p.15. OGorman, K., Lochrie, S., Watson, A. (2014). Research philosophy and case studies. Research Methods for Business Management, 152-172. OGorman, K., Lochrie, S., Watson, K. (2016). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. New Jersey : John Wiley Sons, p.22. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. Punch, K. F. (2013). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. London: Sage, p.47. Saunders, J. H., Onion, D., Collier, P., Dorrington, M. S., Argent, R. H., Clarke, P. A., ... Grabowska, A. M. (2017). Individual patient oesophageal cancer 3D models for tailored treatment. Oncotarget, 8(15), p.52. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, p.25.

Mc Donalds free essay sample

What tactics did the activist investor William Ackman (Pershing Capital) pursue in his campaigns against Wendys and McDonalds? Briefly describe each tactic used and the way in which each tactic might help Ackman to achieve his goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Mc Donalds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What other tactics could Ackman have employed to achieve his goals? B. What did Ackman ultimately hope to achieve through his activism? What role, if any, did corporate governance issues play in Ackmans activist campaigns? C. With the benefit of hindsight, describe the alternative tactics that McDonalds management could have pursued in response to Ackmans display of activism? Would it have been possible for McDonalds management to maintain its resistance at any cost? D. In you view, who emerged as the winner in this activist standoff between Ackman and McDonalds? Explain why (supplying evidence in support of your arguments). A. What tactics did the activist investor William Ackman (Pershing Capital) pursue in his campaigns against Wendys and McDonalds? Briefly describe each tactic used and the way in which each tactic might help Ackman to achieve his goals. What other tactics could Ackman have employed to achieve his goals? Spin off A situation in which a company offers stock in one of its wholly-owned subsidiaries or dependent divisions such that subsidiary or division becomes an independent company. The parent company may or may not maintain a portion of ownership in the newly spun-off company. A company may conduct a spin-off for any number of reasons. For example, it may wish to divest itself of one industry so it can expand into another. It may also simply wish to profit from the sale of the subsidiary. A spin off should not be confused with a split off. | With implementing spin off, Wendy would be able to get independent from its parent operation chain Tim Horton’s dog nut. Even when Tim Horton’s Dog nut was a growth driver, representing 50 % of overall operating profits, the spinoff would promote tangible stock raising price. IPO will provide Horton’s value up to 4,48 billion. | Autonomous Operations from its subsidiary (Tim Horton’s)+ Confidence to Joint venture capital. Tax free transactionUnlock of Shareholder value. 72 M in equity , for 15% of Horton’s total shares. 15 % stock value increase after spinoff. | Being Tim Hortons the major growth agent of Wendy’s, and despite the sudden increase on stock value, the spin off revealed the not satisfactory long term value of Wendy’s , which leaded to a long term price decrease. Sale of large portion of the company’s restaurant to franchisees. | Ackman initiative included to sell more than 200 real estate sites, close 60 poorly performing stores and sale of hundreds of company owned restaurants. Profit increase of 25 %Reduction of debt by 100 mIncrease on equity and long term profits+ Funds to invest in growth and unexplored markets. + steady cash flow from franchisee fees. | Loss of potential plus value added equity: Real Estate. Lack of confidence on franchisees for the management of a solely entity with no company owned restaurants. | Share repurchases. A program by which a company buys back its own shares from the marketplace, reducing the number of outstanding shares. Share repurchase is usually an indication that the companys management thinks the shares are undervalued. The company can buy shares directly from the market or offer its shareholder the option to tender their shares directly to the company at a fixed price. | With the Horton’s spin off the appreciation of tangible benefits to shareholders’ dividends would be finally accountable in Wendy’s equity interest to shareholders. | Reduce the number of outstanding shares. + earnings / share+ price of Wendy’s shares. | Dependability of the dividend for investors: More important. As such, investors may invest more heavily in a stock with a dependable dividend than in a stock with less dependable repurchases. Asymmetric information on transaction details. | Avoidance of large acquisitions. | The strategy includes this provision to state the level of certainty for investors in Wendy’s transaction as a complementary key of the probable long term stock price decrease due to the spin off strategy, the reliability on stable company with long term outlook of growth will provide such a reflection in stock price. | + initiative for investors to keep its equity level I the company+ Increase on stock price. | Limitation for expansion in short term.

Human Rights Essay

Human Rights Essay Human Rights Essay Human Rights Task Type: Mini Essays Abbreviations UN- United Nations ICCPR- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights UDHR- Universal Declaration of Human Rights NGO- Non-Governmental Organisations UNICEF- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund Discuss the arguments for and against a charter of rights for Australia There are many arguments for and against a charter of rights for Australia; many of these arguments for a charter of rights include that it would improve the quality and accountability of government, that it could generate economic benefits, and that it would contribute to a culture of respect for human rights. Arguments against a Charter of Human rights are that it could undermine the tradition of parliamentary sovereignty possibly causing a transfer of authority, it could be an excessive and costly litigation, and that it could potentially lead to negative outcomes for human rights. It is commonly argued that a statutory Charter of Human Rights would expressly recognise rights not currently recognised by Australian law, and therefore also, help in promoting a stronger culture of respect for human rights, improve government policy-making and administrative decision-making from a human rights perspective, would bring Australia into line with every other liberal democracy and potentially allow Australian courts to play a broader role in protecting human rights under Australian law. Whether this is desirable or not is a source of great argument. It will also help to better meet the obligations Australia has undertaken, under international law to protect human rights standards. On another note many people think that it could potentially lead to negative outcomes for human rights and may mean that there is no better human rights protection guaranteed. There are many common arguments against a Charter of Human Rights. Sadly, Australians cannot claim that their parliamentary system works so perfectly that it does not occasionally need the stimulus of reminders that the law sometimes treats people (usually minorities) unjustly and unequally, therefore many people think that a Charter of rights may â€Å"penalise† those who are in most need of human rights. Many people argue that a Charter of Rights would improve the quality and accountability of government, but on the other hand others agree that it would be undermining a tradition of parliamentary sovereignty, including transferring legislative power to unelected judges. Some suggest that a Charter of Human Rights would be unnecessary, given the existing common law and statutory protections of rights in Australia. There is extremely high community support for a Charter of Rights in Australia. People believe that a Charter of Rights will bring Australia into line with other democracies such as Canada and New Zealand, and will contribute to a culture of respect for human rights. Whilst some commentators suggest that a Charter will be impossible in Australia because I would involve the judiciary in giving advisory options. â€Å"Criminals and suspected criminals are most likely to make claims regarding the right to a fair trial or procedural rights concerning arrest and detention, rights that judges are already familiar with. They may also make claims about their right to humane treatment in custody†. Says Sarah Joseph in her article ‘Stance on human rights has everything - except a charter’. In this article Sarah Joseph states that she is against a Carter of rights and feels it unnecessary for Australia. Many other countries have enacted similar bills of rights by statute; Canada introduced the Canadian Bill of rights in 1960. New Zealand introduced a Bill of Rights in 1993, and the UK enacted the Human Rights Act 1998 (UK). In 2008, on the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Federal Attorney- General Robert McClelland announced an inquiry, HUMAN RIGHTS Essay HUMAN RIGHTS Essay Human Rights and Humanitarian Intervention: An international regime = set of principles, norms, rules and decision-making procedures that states and other international actors accept as authoritative in an issue- area. The Charter of the United Nations, signed in San Francisco on 26 June 1945, promoted respect for human rights as one of the principal objectives. It also created a commission on Human Rights. The commission was drafting the ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ – list of internationally recognised human rights. Civil and political rights – provide legal protection against abuse by the state and seek to ensure political participation for all citizens. Economic, social and cultural rights – guarantee individuals access to essential goods and services and seek to ensure equal social and cultural participation. E.g. rights to food, housing, health care, etc. Nature of these rights: Humans being are endowed with individual rights & protections because they are human Three Dominant rights: Inherent – birthright of all (not given by state) Inalienable – cannot be given up or taken away – non-exchangeable Universal – apply to all people regardless of nationality, status, gender, religion or race – EVERYONE entitled to rights = controversial You can find these rights in the: UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights – 1948 (second world war was the influence) – Rights of women and children are greater listed than men. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights – 1966 International Labour organisation International Court of Justice International Criminal Court Problems & challenges: Compliance & enforcement – rights were created without an equivalent mechanism Cultural objections – communal rights, Asian values Religious objections – role of women in society Economic Objections – child labour = has implications when applied in reality Claim of Western authorship Procedural v substantive freedoms & rights = processed rights, no real contradiction Humanitarian Intervention – designed to uphold these rights Military Intervention: use of force Non-Military Intervention: provision of aid Non- Intervention: The norm in international politics States claim monopoly control over their internal affairs Sovereignty rights protected in UN charter UN Security Council interprets â€Å"threats to international peace and security† = ethical and legal duty Humanitarian Intervention Examples: (1970s – current period) 1994: UN in Cambodia 1999: UN in East Timor 2011: Libya 1971: India in Bangladesh Challenges & Problems: Using force to stop violence – replacing one tyranny, with a tyranny of another kind How many people need to be

Organizational Change in Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Change in Policing - Essay Example "Generally, with the expansion of complexities in the societal life, the public has gradually abdicated its role in peacekeeping and law enforcement and increasingly expected police to take on these responsibilities, which were once a citizen's civic duty (JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY)ii". Again, "Law enforcement agencies are in an era of change. The needs of communities and constituencies, rapid technological growth and enhancements, and the changing capabilities and structures of law enforcement organizations demand that agencies regularly examine and improve their ways of operation (Sewell, 2002)iii". that there is no needs of organizational changes while others advocate the sheer necessity of it. It is commendable that a particular system working once well may not be the same at the subsequent period. Thus, the organizational structure fit for a particular time may not suit the changed circumstances. Again, the overall situation is becoming more complex with the changing circumstances as including the rigid organizational structure. Complexities in the police organizations impede the well functioning in it. "A 1983 study that a surprise number of police officers have begun to voice strong objections to the rigid organizational structure and autocratic style management styles that typifies so much of law enforcement (Tafoya)iv". Manifold crimes, such as cyber crimes, cross-border crimes etc. are taking place. Commendably, the traditional method of policing cannot properly address the challenges of the present context. The existing mechanism of policing does not serve the purpose of making the police responsive to the public demand. The system also not contributes to create innovation among the officers, which is necessary for earning perfection in the profession. Again, the philosophical difference among the officers is another impediment in implementing better policing. Earlier, the law administrators and the officers were accustomed to the concept of coercion in the law enforcement activities while the law enforcement officers entering in the recent days do not comply with the rigorous principle of order or command. So, a conflict arises between the law enforcement personnel as well as the law administrators causing maladjustment in preserving the discipline among the officers. However, for the better sake of people, in curbing these crimes traditional mechanism of crime prevention in most countries has not been changed. Thus, organizational change has mostly been expected in the modern policing. Of course, there are certain consequences of organizational changes. The consequences may be that the current societal expectation does not suit with the changes. Thus, the society would be pressed with anarchy and injustices. Organizational changes are sure to affect both the organization and the members of it. However, the policies and strategies in the policing of the coming days warrant changes for radically experiencing

Corrections and Juvenile Justice Research Proposal

Corrections and Juvenile Justice - Research Proposal Example This is especially true when parents are away from home without ensuring that the child is properly monitored and maintained. Unfortunately, due to neglect, demographic and pathological concerns, the number of adolescents present in juvenile detention institutions is almost equivalent to the number of young adults enrolled in college and technical preparatory schools (Puzzanchera & Sickmund, 2008). According to behavioral scientists (Forth & Mailloux, 2000), few theorists have been able to identify the causation of juvenile recidivism and many have failed to examine the social milieu, parenting styles of their families, and the pathological potential of criminal behavior during adolescence. Behavioral scientists do not understand the pathological or demographic characteristics and how they come together to provide reliable predictors of recidivism (Forth & Mailloux. 2000). Approximately 47% of all youth commit delinquent and criminal acts (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1996). However , one of the most reliable and important references is self-report data, which according to a 1997 edition of the National Crime Reference Service surveyed over 2500 high school students who reported theft under fifty dollars; Twenty percent of the aforementioned number participated in violent acts, which included gang fights, causing bodily injury to another individual, and usage of weapons. The topic of predicting recidivism in juveniles is paramount to society, however, there has not been a lot of reliable research on the subject, and the information that is currently available is somewhat scarce and rapidly outdating (Griffin, 2005). Due to new trends in society such as the types of music available, younger parents, more career-oriented parents, the availability of illicit substances and prevalence of sexual situations in the media and prime time television, children are encouraged to grow up more rapidly than ever before expected. Unfortunately, these inclinations are destroyin g youth and forcing the courts to punish them as adults for their participation in crimes and maladaptive behaviors (Van Velsen, 2001; Griffin, 2005). The demographics in which the subjects were raised will be explored for adverse influences, which may have led them to criminal activity. The family origin will be examined to determine whether parenting styles might have influenced the subjects to turn to criminal behavior. Pathological conditions of the subjects will be explored to determine the impact of such conditions upon the propensity for criminal behaviors. The gender, race, sexual orientation, sexuality, and deformities of the subjects will be examined to determine whether these characteristics might have influenced the subjects to enter into criminal behavior. Criminal Justice Professionals, social workers, and public administrators must regroup and strategize, so that they can work together and offer more influential rehabilitative options and alternative assessment tools in order to predict the possibility of a juvenile recidivating or committing an act of violence. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to determine how a sample of incarcerated youth would score on a violence predictor assessment instrument, which is designed to predict recidivism and/or maladaptive behavior. This study is an attempt to determine if there are pathological or demographic indicators that can assist in

The Ukiyo-e Wood Block Print during the Edo Period Essay Example for Free

The Ukiyo-e Wood Block Print during the Edo Period Essay Mention Moronobu, and to the mind’s eye appears a procession of vigorous, picturesque figures, all the motley citizenry of old Edo (Tokyo); the magic name of Harunobu evokes slender, ethereal girls, as lovely and fragile as the first frost of winter; Utamaro, Hokusai, Hiroshige – each name stands for a unique and arresting kind of beauty, whether of voluptuous femininity, masculine strength, or scenic grandeur. These men, and several dozen more, represent the ultimate glory of ukiyo-e. The ukiyo-e masters mark a fitting conclusion to the long and glowing tradition of classical Japanese art. Like the era which nurtured it (the Edo Period from 1600 to 1868), ukiyo-e represents a unique development in Japan, the growth of a great renaissance based upon a largely popular foundation, whereas the earlier high points of Japanese civilization had been forged largely by the aristocracy or the priesthood. That such popularization did not result in vulgarization is one of the wonders of the world of art. This was the consequence, in part, of the innate sense of restrained form and color harmony of the Japanese populace as a whole. At the same time the determined efforts of an enlightened group of artists, artisans, publishers, connoisseurs, and patrons ensured that ukiyo-e standards would always remain several degrees above the level the populace considered acceptable. Politically and socially this was a feudal, almost totalitarian age; the masses accepted the voice of authority in most of their social activities. In their arts, too, they were willing to follow the lead of a loosely bound group of style dictators, much as women have sometimes followed Paris fashions in our own day. The result was two centuries of ukiyo-e woodblock prints, a continuous flow of high quality which was both the reflection and the arbiter of popular taste. And while one may give most of the credit for this phenomenon to the masters who directly produced ukiyo-e, one should not underestimate the power of the populace which supported it. What was even more critical than their taste was the inner need they felt for possessing fine art of their own. What makes the phenomenon of ukiyo-e even more curious is the fact that the Japanese populace was primarily obeying aesthetic instincts, rather than consciously anticipating the unique art form is was to support for such a long period. In general, this paper discusses the development of ukiyo-e during the Edo Period. It starts by describing the city – its city layout, population, warrior culture, and court culture – a major subject of ukiyo-e at that time. This is followed by the origins of this art form, themes and motifs, and techniques. The final part of this paper explains why such wood block prints became so popular in the Edo Period. The City of Edo The great majority of ukiyo-e were produced and marketed in the city of Edo. These prints were bought for the purchasers own enjoyment or to be taken back to the provinces as souvenirs for friends and family. Mass production of ukiyo-e first took place in Edo during the Kyoho period (1716-1736). Ukiyo-e emerged from a social milieu that centered on publishers and groups of cultured individuals who lived in the shitamachi area, particularly around Nihonbashi. From the middle of the eighteenth century, a time when Edo was becoming the cultural center of Japan, this area functioned as the hub of cultural activity not just of Edo but of all Japan. When Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) came to Edo in 1590, he inherited little more than the vestiges of a castle built long before by Ota Dokan (1432-1486). With the implementation of Tokugawa political rule, this sleepy, historic area was destined to become the capital of all Japan. By the start of the eighteenth century, roughly one century after the establishment of the Tokugawa bakufu, the city of Edo already boasted a population of around one million inhabitants. The appearance of a city of such size was an event unprecedented in Japanese history (Matsunosuke, 1997). In the 1660’s the location of daimyo residences in Edo was in fact a miniature version of the position of the various daimyo within the country as a whole. By such means, the bakufu shrewdly stationed the forces of the tozama and fudai daimyo houses in ways that worked to its advantage. The bakufu governed the daimyo with an iron hand. Until the time of the fifth shogun, the bakufu frequently ordered fief transfers or confiscations (Tamotsu, 1961). As a result, daimyo residences were often moved within the city. Incessant changes in city planning also required construction of new wards or forcible relocation of old ones, giving the number of residences the bakufu bequeathed to its vassals, calculated at five-year intervals. Many characteristics of the city of Edo were the result of demographic factors (Matsunosuke, 1997). Building the metropolis had required a tremendous number of individuals with traditional skills and knowledge: house builders, plasterers, tatami makers, carpenters, tailors, armorers, surveyors, draftsmen, scholars, and legislators. Anyone with an outstanding ability sought his fortune in Edo. Competition was fierce, and fighting instincts surged to the fore. The majority of the Edo population was male. Male apprentices and clerks staffed the Edo branches of provincial stores. Most of these men returned to their home area after finishing their stint in Edo. Male laborers were required by daimyo for constructing Edo branches of local shrines and family temples. Samurai stationed in Edo were of course also exclusively male. In addition, Edo boasted a huge population of priests. Masterless samurai (ronin) and the self-styled street knights known as kyokaku contributed greatly to conflicts in the city. With the end of civil wars and with the peasantry under tight administrative control, ronin could no longer ramble freely about the villages. They too began to search for new forms of employment. A few members of this vast population went abroad; but many more slipped into Edo to become merchants, craftsmen, flute-playing monks (komuso), or kyokaku. The warrior population contributed much to the uniqueness of Edo. A large number of bannermen (hatamoto) – direct vassals and guardsmen of the bakufulived in the environs of the castle. A system of alternate attendance (sankin kotai) required daimyo and their retainers to spend alternate years in the capital and at their domains. Daimyo wives and children resided permanently in the capital. Thus at any given time, a large part of the military force of the nation was stationed in Edo. No matter how distant a daimyos domain lay from Edo, he took part in regular grand processions between his home area and the capital. The concentration of warriors in the city stimulated the emergence of a unique Edo economy. The presence of a large stratum of newly enfranchised warrior nobles required the procurement of a tremendous quantity of consumer goods (Matsunosuke, 1997). Supplying such goods was the responsibility of official merchants and artisans who streamed to the capital from all parts of the country. Edo thus became a consumer capital. Forced to live in the city, the daimyo, along with their retainers and families, enthusiastically set about developing their own culture. Both the ancient Kyoto court traditions and the warrior culture of the Kamakura bakufu (1185-1333) developed rapidly among the aristocratic warrior stratum. The habits and lifestyle of the daimyo and the high-ranking officialstheir food, housing, and clothing, their furnishings and utensils, even their styles of seating and deportmentwere in fact all warrior-style variations of the ancient customs, practices, and etiquette of the Kyoto court. Principles of warrior rule governed the rank or status of individuals and families in the feudal hierarchy. Rules were drawn up stipulating the forms a daimyo was required to follow. Social rank determined the shape and size of a daimyos Edo residence, the scale of his processions, and the kind of vehicles, furnishings, and clothing he was allowed to use. Distinctions of feudal rank were displayed to be immediately visible. These included the colors and designs of clothing, styles of architecture and materials used in buildings and gardens, and the methods and ingredients employed in manufacturing various goods consumed by the warrior. Even the borders of straw floor mats (tatami) in Edo castle varied according to the rank of the officials who sat on them. For this reason feudal culture – at its most typical, Edo warrior culture – Is often said to be a predominantly visual culture (Matsunosuke, 1997). Since attempts to strengthen ones military prowess was sure to evoke displeasure from the bakufu, many warriors instead built huge gardens or absorbed themselves in leisure pursuits. Within three or four generations, both the daimyo and the shogun were no longer country bumpkins: they had become a true upper-class nobility in both name and deed. Vestiges of gardens as they existed at Edo daimyo residences can still be found in Tokyo today. Examples include the Korakuen of the Mito house, the Hama Rikyfi of the Kofu Tokugawa, and the Rikugien at the Komagome villa of the daimyo Yanagisawa Yoshi- yasu. These parks, as well as maps of ponds and gardens at residences of the Togoshi Hosokawa, show that construction took place on a grand scale. Residents of such estates could enjoy leisurely strolls within the grounds or ride in pleasure boats on the large ponds. At such villas the Edo warrior nobility sought to revive the cultural life of Heian-period courtiers, who valued natural beauty and lived in natural surroundings. Origins of Ukiyo-e It is rare indeed for a single word to express within itself the changing concepts of an age. â€Å"Ukiyo† is such a word: in medieval Japan it appeared as a Buddhist expression which connoted first â€Å"this world of pain†, with the derived sense of â€Å"this transient, unreliable world† (Lane, 1962). Etymologically it thus meant â€Å"this fleeting, floating world†. However, for the newly liberated townsman of the seventeenth-century Japanese renaissance, â€Å"floating world† tended to lose its connotations of the transitory world of illusion, to take on hedonistic implications and denote the newly evolved, stylish world of pleasure – the world of easy women and gay actors and all the pleasures of the flesh (Lane, 1962). By the time the suffix -e (meaning â€Å"pictures†) had been added to form the new compound ukiyo-e (â€Å"floating-world pictures†) around the year 1680, this hedonistic significance had become predominant in the expression. Thus the subject of our book, ukiyo-e, meant something like the following to the Japanese of the age which engendered it: A new style of pictures, very much in vogue, devoted to depicting everyday life, particularly fair women and handsome men indulging in pleasure, or part of the world of pleasure -pictures, as often as not, of an erotic nature. But what brought about this new development in Japanese art, this revolutionary shift from the overworked themes of classical tradition to those of the workaday world? To understand the origin of the ukiyo-e, it is necessary to look far back into the past. The disruption of the period of the northern and southern courts in the fourteenth century followed by the Chinese renaissance in the fifteenth had meant a real break with ancient traditions. A reaction to the intervening Chinese school could not begin to set in until late in the Muromachi period. In addition, the unsettling wars of the period created a mood in which new ideas could arise, and in which the populace seems to have been less restrained socially than during the rigid Tokugawa regime. Art reflected its environment in the gradual emergence of genre paintings. While the new style did not strictly follow the narrative attitude of the Yamato-e scroll tradition, it was also far removed from the ethical approach of the Kano masters towards figure subjects (Paine and Soper, 1955). The style originated in the old capital of Kyoto, and among the works of the Kano artists who lived there are to be found some which depict and emphasize the contemporary scene in preference to an ennobling idealism. The new spirit was stimulated by Hideyoshis talent for spectacular display. This lowly but heroic figure liked to impress people. The great fete or tea-party at the shrine of Kitano in 1587 introduced a novel kind of popular entertainment. For the occasion Hideyoshi had placards set up in Kyoto, Nara, Osaka, and Sakai inviting all to come irrespective of class or wealth. At the tea-party Hideyoshis treasures were ostentatiously exhibited. The next year he gave a great flower viewing party at the temple of Daigoji (Paine and Soper, 1955). The popular art of the period deals with masses of people, as though these joyful occasions had also impressed the artists. The following section describes ukiyo-e themes and motifs, which explains why the art was popular during the Edo Period. Ukiyo-e Woodblock Technique Ukiyo-e prints were produced as a result of the collaboration of the artist, the publisher, the master carver, and the printer’s shop. However, it was the artist who received credit for the piece in the end. First, publishers would start the procedure by engaging artists to design a print or sequence of prints. The artists may have a background on traditional styles of painting or they may have learned from style of other ukiyo-e masters while having training in the workshop (Fauntleroy, 1989). Many ukiyo-e artists were commissioned to produce novel compositions to embellish interiors of households or design customized surimono (greeting cards) for clients who could afford the lavishness of unique works of art. Once the artists had prepared hanshita-e (drawing), the precise size of the print for publishing, they would trace the outlines of hanshita-e on a piece of thin paper using black ink. The traced version would be relayed to master woodcutters, who would then translate the artist’s brushed composition into a board of wood using scrapers, chisels, and knives. They used fine-textured and very hard wood to make sure that even the most elaborate parts of the design imprinted in relief would last the pressure of hundreds of other printings. Then, master cutters would put the tracing face down on the wooden board. They would then carve away all wood from the surface excluding that indicating the outlines of the drawing of the artists. Since a design imprinted in relief will create a reverse image when put into print, wood cutters reversed tracing to come up with an image similar to the original conception of the artists. A registration mark was carved beyond the perimeter of the composition in the lower right-hand part of the board (Fauntleroy, 1989). The key block would then be sent to printers, who would finish a number of black-and-white impressions, approximately the quantity of colors to be used in the final print. They did not use a mechanical press familiar to European printers because it lacked the pressure needed for wood block impressions; rather the printer applied physical strength to the woodblock, paper, and baren. Then, the proofs would be sent back to the artist, who would inspect the wood block impression and indicate colors to be used. The proofs would be sent back to the woodcutting shop. After the completion of the carving, the key and color blocks would be turned over to the printers. Following the printing of the first color, the paper would be placed on top of a second block inked with a special color; this process would continue throughout the series of color blocks (Fauntleroy, 1989).

Integrating Anthropogenic Pollutants to Hard Red Wheat for Analysis of

Within the last century society’s reliance on petroleum and petroleum based products increased drastically. Currently the United States, the planet’s largest petroleum consumer, consumes twenty-five percent of the planet’s total petroleum, while only holding two percent of the natural resource (Banerjee, 2012). This has led to environmental catastrophes and cultural dependencies. Environmental catastrophes, which include the British Petroleum (BP) Deepwater Horizon Gulf spill, have demonstrated how a society dependent on petroleum can negatively affect the environment. Currently the Gulf is still undergoing heavy renovation to restore the once naturally rich environment. Oil spills, like the Deepwater Horizon, have led to growing concern about the chemicals society as a whole use and the effects they have on the environment. These catastrophes have led to hot topic debates, mainly due to the harmful anthropogenic pollutants entering the environment, which include global warming fresh water and soil quality. With these concerns arising, the need to protect the environment from anthropogenic pollutants entering the environment is in dire need. Anthropogenic pollutions can enter the soil directly or indirectly. This can originate from leaks, run-offs, mid-night dumping, improper discharge of chemical waste and a wide variety of other sources. Regulation to prevent pollution is in place by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States and the World Health Organization (WHO) in Europe. However, societies have become reliant on petroleum and petroleum based products, so the need to adapt and evolve becomes necessary in order to combat these pollutants. Adapting and evolving becomes a necessity if a society... ...cessed on March . 13, 2012. Banks K.M, and Schultz E. K. 2005. â€Å"Comparison of Plants for Germination Toxicity Test in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils.† Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 167: 211- 219. Dominguez-Rosado Elena, and John Pichtel. 2004. â€Å"Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Used Motor Oil: II. Greenhouse Studies.† Environmental. Engineering Science 21:169-180. Gillian Adam, and Harry Duncan. 2002. â€Å"Influence of diesel fuel on seed .germination.† Environmental Pollution 120: 363.370. Scotts Miracle Gro. 2012. â€Å"Osmocote Potting Soil.† http://www.scotts.com/smg/catalog/productTemplate.jsp?proId=prod10650020&. itemId=cat10290002&tabs=general. Assessed on March 21, 2003. Tang Jingchun, Wang Min, Wang Fei, Qing Sun, and Qizing Zhou. 2011. â€Å"Eco-toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil.† Journal of Environmental Science 23: 845-85.1.

Competitive Position Essay

In this assignment we tried to look into the Baja Auto’s own position in Indian domestic market and how it has performed in last year compare to local rivals. In addition, we suggest company to invest directly in America’s automobile industry as America and India is more or less similar in terms of operating multinational organisations. As, it is a long term investment and high risk strategy for company, we clinically analysed new market scenario and different aspects of it. 1.0 Competitive Position Baja Auto is ranked as the world’s fourth largest two and three wheelers production company. It is in two wheelers and three wheelers Indian market since 1945 and recognised brand across Asia, Middle Eastern countries, Latin America. Bajaj Auto shares 26.70% of two wheelers market in India, fairly behind Hero Honda Motors which has 41.35% Indian customers, and ahead of TVS Motor Company which holds 18.14%. But when it comes to three wheelers vehicles, Bajaj Auto clearly control the majority of the market with 58.60%, much ahead then Piaggio Vehicles 32.70%. Bajaj’s closest competitor in two wheelers market is Hero Honda Motors. Hero Honda sold 3.72 million two wheelers units, almost double then Bajaj, who managed to sold 1.28 million units. Bajaj Auto is the country’s largest exporter of two- and three-wheelers. During 2008-2009, Bajaj Auto’s international sales achieved an all-time high of 772,519 units of two and three wheelers, representing a growth of 25% over the previous year. (Sources: Automobile Industry report -2012, India). Though, there is a huge difference in terms of selling units between three major players of India’s two wheelers, their growth rate is almost similar to each other. Hero Honda Motors enjoys 15.4% growth in 2012, and it was followed by TVS Motor and Bajaj Auto with 13.3% and 13.2% respectively. (Sources: Annual reports of Bajaj Auto, Hero Honda Motors and TVS Motors-2012). In plant wise capacity Bajaj Auto clearly out plays its competitors. Bajaj Auto has 4 active plants compare to 3 of each for Hero Honda motors and TVS Motors. Therefore Bajaj has upper hand in terms of number of units’ productions. Bajaj Auto’s plants are capable of producing 5 million units of vehicles compares to Hero Honda’s 4.75 million and TVS’ 4 . 50 million of units. (Sources: Automobile Industry report-2012, India). Adopted from Automobile Industry report-2012, India. 2.0 Market Entry Bajaj Auto is highly recognised company throughout the world and has vastly experienced management team. In addition, it has its own technology labs, engineering colleges and very strong labour power. Apart from having a fair amount of domestic market share, it is a leading exporter of India. Bajaj is famous for manufacturing two and three wheelers which have good fuel efficiency and strong outer body and comes in very cheap prise compares to other manufacturers. It is right time for the company to move forward and make its own base in well developed country like The USA, which help company to reduce the good amount of money spent on exporting its products to Latin America and Africa and moreover, America itself has huge crowd who are struggling with current worldwide economic downfall and looking for cheap available options. 2.1 Reason for Entering Into the USA Market PESTLE analysis is an useful analysis tool to evaluate future plans and it helps organisations like Bajaj Auto who is going to enter in new business environment to understand the risk associated with its next move .PESTLE helps company to analyse its position, potential and direction in new market place. 2.1.1 Political Situation of the USA It is very important to assess political condition of new working field before moving abroad. It helps company like Bajaj to make its business strategy. America is strong democratic country like India the motherland of Bajaj Auto and this will work company’s favour as it knows the pros and cons of such a political environment. 2.1.2 Economy The US has the largest and most technologically powerful economy of the world, with per capita GDP of $49,800. US Business companies have more flexibility than any other part of the world in decision to expand their capita plant. . At the same time, they face higher barriers to enter their rivals’ home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. It is lucrative industry to enter for foreign company like Bajaj Auto. 2.1.3 Social America’s population is 316,668,567 which consist of 79.96% white, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%. 40.2% of America’s population is 25-54years old. 82% population is urbanised and an annual urbanisation rate is 1.2%. 99% of total population is literate. 2.1.4 Technological highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second largest industrial output in world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining. Bajaj Auto will enjoy a good amount of success due to technological expansion of the company which is comparably low in India. 2.1.5 Legal America has strong, fast legal system which gives every individual a fair chance to appeal decision of the court. Supreme court is the highest body who makes the final verdict on any legal issue. 2.1.6 Environment Air pollution resulting in acid rain in the US ; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification. Bajaj Auto developed the technology in recent years and some of its vehicles run on CNG and LPG which reduce the amount of carbon dioxide. This technology gives company an edge over its competitors to gain confidence of the US government to enter into their market. (Sources: http://www.cia.gov/library) 2.2Market Attractiveness DIAMOND MODEL Source: Porter, M. (1990) 2.2.1 Firm strategy, structure and rivalry As mentioned earlier, Bajaj Auto is famous for producing light weight two and three wheelers vehicles which have good fuel efficiency and strong body and it’s new for American population. There is no strong competitor in market at the present that can threat the position of Bajaj Auto in its production range. Bajaj Auto manufactures couple of motorbikes like Pulsar, Duke, and Discover which is heavy but it will not be a good idea to launch them in America as Harley Davidson, Yamaha motors, Kawasaki motors have strong hold on American customers. Bajaj Auto follows hierarchical strategy which resulted in advantages within industries and it helps company to gain upper hand in competition with major players. 2.2.2 Demand Conditions Light motorcycles, the summary say, will outperform other ICE product types and maintain their position as the largest single segment of the motorcycle market in America. This will be due to several factors, including the fastest population growth of any region, the lowest median age and the lowest (but climbing) per-capita GDP. (Source: world demand motorcycles grow). This is good future aspect for Bajaj Auto to succeed in international adventure. 2.2.3 Factor Endowment America has strong and large factor endowments compare to Western Europe. The US has comparative advantages of skilled workers, infrastructure, open market entry for international companies, natural resource and technology. Romalis (2004) provides a quasi-Rybczynski prediction, â€Å"if a country accumulates a factor more rapidly than rest of the world, then that country’s production and exports will systematically shift toward that more intensively use that factor.† The US has well developed technology when it comes to motorbike industry and that attracts Bajaj Auto to gain an entry in this market. 2.2.4 Related and Supporting Industries The US is rich in producing natural resources like iron, lead, petroleum, natural gas. In addition America has the world largest coal reserve with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world’s total.(Source: http://www.cia.gov/library). Strong supply chain of motorbikes engines parts, raw material for motorbike body, leather and machineries are always key factors in success of automobile business and America provides all these features to Bajaj Auto. 2.3 2.3.1 Target Market Young, universities’ students, African and Asian immigrants, middle class families and small vendors should be first priority as a target market for Bajaj Auto as they share large number of total American population (see 2.1.3). Above mention customers have limited resources of income and other responsibilities and therefore they always look out for cheap available option. The kind of two and three wheelers Bajaj Auto produces are low in prise and have high fuel efficiency. These two points will work in company’s favour and manage to pull big crowd. Once company get established, it can launch the range of heavy weight vehicles to provide competition to giants like Yamaha, Royal Enfield, Honda and Harley Davidson.